Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR fatigue (physical activity interventions) Various fatigue scales · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 371 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR fatigue (psychosocial interventions) Various fatigue scales · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1556 participants | Low |
Intervention NR fatigue (Andrographis paniculata) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR fatigue (data tracker) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 714 participants | Low |
Intervention NR fatigue (Omega‐3 Fatty acids) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
Intervention NR fatigue (Mediterranean diet) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR fatigue (reflexology) · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Non‐pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Low |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Acute gout attack frequency participant self‐report using gout flare diary · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Participant withdrawals due to adverse events participant and study investigator reported · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.53, 3.03] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Joint pain reduction 10‐point Likert scale (0 is no pain) · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Tophus regression ‐ not measured · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Physical function HAQ‐II. Scale from: 0 to 3; 0 is minimal loss of function. · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Serum urate normalisation4 ‐ not reported · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk & lactose powder Serious adverse events participant and study investigator reported · patients with chronic gout Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.23, 7.66] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain reduction 10 cm VAS. Scale from: 0 to 10 cm (0 is no pain). · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Reduction of joint inflammation Tape measure ‐ joint circumference (cm) · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Joint function ‐ not measured · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient global assessment ‐ not measured · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with acute gout Lifestyle interventions for acute gout (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Pain VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 174 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events Event episodes (n) reported · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | Rate Ratio 4.12 [3.3, 5.17] | 1 study · 676 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events Participants (n) withdrew due to adverse effects · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events Participants (n) reported serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of Life · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Function: change from baseline WOMAC VAS (Function; higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events Participants (n) reported adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.2, 1.1] | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events Participants (n) withdrew due to adverse effects · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events Participants (n) reported serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life SF‐36 4 · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Moderate |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Function Hand algofunctional index (higher scores means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 174 participants | Moderate |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Adverse events Participants (n) reported events · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.72, 3.76] | 1 study · 204 participants | Moderate |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Adverse events Participants (n) withdrew due to adverse effects · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Adverse events Participants (n) reported serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arnica vs ibuprofen Quality of life · patients with osteoarthritis of the hand Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Function WOMAC 0‐4 (Function; higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Function WOMAC 0‐4 (Overall; higher means worse) · patients with osteoarthritis of the knee Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Moderate |
Resistance training vs control Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs aerobic training Pain Visual analog scale. Scale 0‐10 cm (lower scores indicate less pain) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs aerobic training Tenderness Tender point count and myalgic scores. Scores converted to tender points, 0 to 18 (lower scores indicate less tenderness) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs aerobic training Adverse effects · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Resistance training vs aerobic training All‐cause attrition Dropout rates · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1 [0.24, 4.23] | 2 studies · 90 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs flexibility exercise Multidimensional function FIQ Total. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs flexibility exercise Pain VAS 0‐10 cm (lower scores indicate less pain) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs flexibility exercise Tenderness Tender point count, scores 0‐18 (lower scores indicate less tenderness) · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs flexibility exercise Strength Maximal isokinetic strength of nondominant knee extension measured in foot‐pounds8 · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Resistance training vs flexibility exercise Adverse effects · Individuals with fibromyalgia. Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Ungraded |