Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
In vitro maturation vs in vitro fertilisation Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
In vitro maturation vs in vitro fertilisation Miscarriage · subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
In vitro maturation vs in vitro fertilisation Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3.1 [1.06, 9] | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
In vitro maturation vs in vitro fertilisation Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence · subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) vs medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 10 mg Regression rate at 6 months · women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.76 [0.26, 29.73] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) vs medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 10 mg Nausea over 6‐month · women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.28, 1.18] | 1 study · 153 participants | Very low |
Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) vs medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 10 mg Vaginal bleeding over 6‐month · women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.89 [1.11, 7.52] | 1 study · 153 participants | Low |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Live birth · women with submucous fibroids and otherwise unexplained subfertility Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Adverse events: hysteroscopy complications · women with submucous fibroids and otherwise unexplained subfertility Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Clinical pregnancya Ultrasound 12 months · women with submucous fibroids and otherwise unexplained subfertility Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.44 [0.97, 6.17] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Adverse events: miscarriaged Ultrasound 12 months · women with submucous fibroids and otherwise unexplained subfertility Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.54 [0.47, 5] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Live birth · subfertile women with endometrial polyps diagnosed by ultrasonography prior to treatment with gonadotropin and… Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Adverse events: hysteroscopy complications · subfertile women with endometrial polyps diagnosed by ultrasonography prior to treatment with gonadotropin and… Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Clinical pregnancya Ultrasound 4 intrauterine insemination cycles · subfertile women with endometrial polyps diagnosed by ultrasonography prior to treatment with gonadotropin and… Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | OR 4.41 [2.45, 7.96] | 1 study · 204 participants | Low |
Operative hysteroscopy vs control Adverse events: miscarriage · subfertile women with endometrial polyps diagnosed by ultrasonography prior to treatment with gonadotropin and… Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Live birth · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.83, 1.69] | 3 studies · 350 participants | Moderate |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Vasodilator side effects · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.35 [1.51, 3.66] | 4 studies · 418 participants | Moderate |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Clinical pregnancy · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [1.19, 1.77] | 11 studies · 1054 participants | Low |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Thickened endometrium · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 477 participants | Very low |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Multiple gestation or birth · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.55, 2.42] | 3 studies · 370 participants | Low |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Spontaneous miscarriage · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86] | 3 studies · 350 participants | Low |
Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment Ectopic pregnancy · women undergoing fertility treatment Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.25, 8.69] | 2 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Live birth Cleavage stage: hCG < 500 IU · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.58, 1.01] | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Miscarriage · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.81, 1.35] | 11 studies · 3927 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy Cleavage stage: hCG < 500 IU · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.7, 1.1] | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Complications · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1764 participants | Very low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Live birth · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.86, 1.43] | 3 studies · 948 participants | Low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Miscarriage · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.57, 1.79] | 4 studies · 1209 participants | Low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Live birth or ongoing pregnancy · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.95, 1.49] | 4 studies · 1178 participants | Low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Clinical pregnancy · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1.01, 1.31] | 10 studies · 2768 participants | Very low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Multiple pregnancy · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.76, 1.64] | 5 studies · 1642 participants | Low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Ectopic pregnancy · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [0.2, 12.78] | 5 studies · 1521 participants | Very low |
ART with seminal plasma vs standard ART (IVF, ICSI, and frozen embryo transfer) Adverse events, including infectious complications · Women undergoing ART (IVF, ICSI, or frozen embryo transfer) Application of seminal plasma to female genital tract prior to embryo transfer in assisted reproductive… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Live birth rate (Delivery of a live fetus after 20 completed weeks of gestation) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.69, 1.44] | 3 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Live birth rate or ongoing pregnancy (Delivery of a live fetus after 20 completed weeks of gestation or the presence of a fetal heart on ultrasound scan after 12 weeks) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.77, 1.35] | 4 studies · 924 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Miscarriage (Loss of pregnancy before 20 completed weeks of gestation) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.77, 1.82] | 3 studies · 869 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Clinical pregnancy (Presence of a fetal heart on ultrasound scan at seven weeks of gestation) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.11 [0.85, 1.45] | 4 studies · 924 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Cancellation (Exclusion of a patient after recruitment) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [1.18, 2.69] | 2 studies · 744 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Multiple pregnancy (presence of more than 1 gestational sac) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [0.7, 3.19] | 2 studies · 180 participants | Low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3 [0.12, 74.07] | 1 study · 417 participants | Very low |
Metabolomics vs non metabolomics Foetal abnormalities (structural or functional anomalies of the foetus) · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs placebo, no/standard treatment Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.42 [0.75, 7.83] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs antioxidant (melatonin) Ovulation · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs D‐chiro‐inositol Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs D‐chiro‐inositol Adverse event ‐ miscarriage · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.3 [0.27, 6.2] | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs D‐chiro‐inositol Adverse event ‐ multiple pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs D‐chiro‐inositol Clinical pregnancy · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3.86 [1.25, 11.89] | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Myo‐inositol vs D‐chiro‐inositol Ovulation · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs an insulin‐sensitising agent (metformin) Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Myo‐inositol vs an insulin‐sensitising agent (metformin) Adverse events · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |