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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
MgSO4 vs placebo Return to ED within 48 hours · children with acute asthma in the emergency department Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.02, 10.3] | 2 studies · 85 participants | Low |
MgSO4 vs placebo Hospital length of stay (hours) · children with acute asthma in the emergency department Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in Exercise Capacity (6MWD) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease) Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 398 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease) Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.91] | 2 studies · 398 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improvement in WHO Functional Class · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease) Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.53 [0.87, 2.71] | 2 studies · 397 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Serious Adverse Events (Participants with one or more event) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease) Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.22, 3.83] | 2 studies · 398 participants | Very low |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Symptoms of dyspnoea · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Moderate |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Health‐Related Quality of Life · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 126 participants | Moderate |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Peak Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Supported) · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 70 participants | Low |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Peak Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Unsupported) · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Endurance Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Supported) · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Low |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Endurance Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Unsupported) assessed by total number of rings moved in 6 minutes. · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Main Comparison: Upper limb training vs No upper limb training Upper Limb Strength · Stable COPD Upper limb exercise training for COPD (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 43 participants | Low |
Tailoring asthma treatment using fractional exhaled nitric oxide vs clinical symptoms Number of participants who had ≥ 1 exacerbations over study period (48.5 weeks) · children with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.62 [0.49, 0.8] | 8 studies · 1279 participants | Moderate |
Tailoring asthma treatment using fractional exhaled nitric oxide vs clinical symptoms Number of asthma exacerbations per 52 weeks (exacerbation rate) · children with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 736 participants | Very low |
Tailoring asthma treatment using fractional exhaled nitric oxide vs clinical symptoms ICS dose at final visit (budesonide equivalent) · children with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 317 participants | Moderate |
Tailoring asthma treatment using FeNO vs clinical symptoms Number of participants who had ≥ 1 exacerbations over study period · adults with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for adults with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.43, 0.84] | 5 studies · 1005 participants | Moderate |
Tailoring asthma treatment using FeNO vs clinical symptoms Number of exacerbations per 52 weeks (exacerbation rates) · adults with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for adults with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 842 participants | Moderate |
Tailoring asthma treatment using FeNO vs clinical symptoms ICS dose at final visit · adults with asthma Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for adults with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 582 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.6, 1.44] | 4 studies · 466 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring hospital admission 7.8‐month · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.38 [0.51, 3.68] | 4 studies · 421 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Asthma control · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious and non‐serious adverse events · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Asthma‐related quality of life (AQLQ)i 9.6‐month · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 796 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Lung function % predicted trough FEV1 higher = better 7.6‐month · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 149 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Unscheduled healthcare visits 6.2‐month · people with asthma Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.37, 2.62] | 3 studies · 430 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.74 [0.41, 7.44] | 1 study · 278 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring hospital admission 6 months · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.63 [0.06, 6.32] | 3 studies · 651 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Asthma control (ACQ) Scale 0 to 6; lower is better12 months · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (including mortality) · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Asthma‐related quality of life (AQLQ) Scale 1 to 7; higher is better 8 months · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 544 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Unscheduled healthcare visits 5 months · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.45, 1.85] | 2 studies · 531 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Lung function (trough FEV1) · adults or children with asthma Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 253 participants | Moderate |
Ambulatory oxygen vs air 6‐minute walk test distance (6MWT) (m) · people with ILD Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Ambulatory oxygen vs air Endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) (m) · people with ILD Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Low |
Ambulatory oxygen vs air Dyspnoea (modified Borg score) Higher scores show worse dyspnoea. · people with ILD Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Ambulatory oxygen vs air Endurance time on constant load ergometry (s) · people with ILD Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 48 weeks · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02] | 2 studies · 907 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life (AQLQ) · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 907 participants | High |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events 49 weeks · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.24, 1.47] | 3 studies · 1197 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exacerbations requiring hospital admission 49 weeks · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.34, 1.38] | 3 studies · 1191 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Lung function (change in trough FEV1 L) · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1191 participants | High |
Intervention NR Asthma control (ACQ) · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 907 participants | High |
Intervention NR Any adverse events 49 weeks · adults with asthma Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long‐acting beta₂‐agonists and inhaled… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.52, 0.94] | 3 studies · 1197 participants | High |
Adults: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course Re‐admission in · adults with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [0.38, 4.79] | 4 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Adults: prednisolone vs dexamethasone New exacerbation during · adults with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.32 [0.39, 4.47] | 1 study · 200 participants | Very low |
Adults: prednisolone vs dexamethasone New exacerbation during · adults with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.85 [0.43, 7.96] | 1 study · 200 participants | Very low |
Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course Re‐admission during · children with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course Asthma symptoms Symptom free by 7 days · children with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.22 [0.67, 2.19] | 1 study · 201 participants | Moderate |
Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course Serious adverse events · children with an acute exacerbation of asthma Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 201 participants | Ungraded |