Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,018 questions · 3,100 findings · 369 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 774 · 25%GRADE not reported 108 · 3.5%Very low 727 · 23.5%Low 840 · 27.1%Moderate 474 · 15.3%High 177 · 5.7%

Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy

Incidence of postoperative instability · patients with lumbar stenosis

Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy may leads to lower incidence of postoperative instability compared with conventional laminectomy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy vs conventional laminectomy

Incidence of perioperative complications · patients with lumbar stenosis

Summary of findings: bilateral laminotomy showed no clear difference in incidence of perioperative complications compared with conventional laminectomy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review