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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Symptomatic improvement · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Ocular surface staining · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Aqueous tear production · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Tear film stability · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Artificial tear use · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: acrylic vs silicone punctal plugs Adverse events · mostly women with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: intracanalicular vs silicone punctal plugs Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of findings: collagen vs silicone punctal plugs Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 146 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anatomic success (i.e. patent lacrimal passage after a period of at least six months after operation) · People with nasolacrimal duct obstruction Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Subjective success (i.e. resolution of symptoms of watering following surgery) · People with nasolacrimal duct obstruction Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Intraoperative bleeding · People with nasolacrimal duct obstruction Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative bleeding · People with nasolacrimal duct obstruction Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.1] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Wound infection/gaping · People with nasolacrimal duct obstruction Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Participant‐reported symptoms Range of scale: 0‐100, where a higher score is worse · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Fluorescein staining Range of scale: 0‐9, where a higher score is worse · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Rose Bengal staining Range of scale: 0‐9, where a higher score is worse · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Tear film break‐up time · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Schirmer’s test Score < 4 mm indicates severe dry eye · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Adverse events · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Tear hyperosmolarity · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Fluorescein staining Range of scale: 0‐9, where a higher score is worse · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Rose Bengal staining Range of scale: 0‐9, where a higher score is worse · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Tear film break‐up time · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Schirmer’s test Score < 4 mm indicates severe dry eye · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears Adverse events · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Participant‐reported symptoms · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: autologous serum vs saline Tear hyperosmolarity · participants with dry eye Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical NSAIDs vs control Participant‐reported pain intensity reduction of 30%/50% or greater at 24 hours · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical NSAIDs vs control Use of rescue oral analgesia at 24 hours · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.34, 0.61] | 4 studies · 481 participants | Low |
Topical NSAIDs vs control Use of rescue oral analgesia at 48/72 hours · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical NSAIDs vs control Proportion of abrasions healed after 24 hours · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.81, 1.23] | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Topical NSAIDs vs control Proportion of abrasions healed after 48 hours · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.88, 1.14] | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |