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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

643 questions · 693 findings · 156 reviews

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No studies found 177 · 25.5%GRADE not reported 100 · 14.4%Very low 144 · 20.8%Low 139 · 20.1%Moderate 106 · 15.3%High 27 · 3.9%

Scheduled surveillance vs clinical monitoring alone

Access thrombosis/vascular complication · people receiving haemodialysis to treat kidney failure and using a functioning AV access for haemodialysis.

Scheduled surveillance showed no clear difference in risk of access thrombosis compared with clinical monitoring alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Scheduled surveillance vs clinical monitoring alone

Risk of access loss · people receiving haemodialysis to treat kidney failure and using a functioning AV access for haemodialysis.

Scheduled surveillance showed no clear difference in risk of access loss compared with clinical monitoring alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent pyelonephritis · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent pyelonephritis compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent UTI (cystitis) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent UTI (cystitis) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Preterm birth · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes birthweight < 2500 (g) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes five‐minute Apgar score < seven compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Miscarriage · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes miscarriages compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review