Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate Lumbar spine bone mineral density (g/cm²) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate Proximal femur bone mineral density (g/cm²) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate The procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP) (ng/ml) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate The urinary amino telopeptides of collagen I (NTx) (nmol bone collagen equivalents /mmol creatinine) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 46 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention Fractures · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.29, 2.66] | 3 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention Adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.49, 2.04] | 2 studies · 46 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention Lumbar spine bone mineral density (g/cm²) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention Proximal femur bone mineral density (g/cm²) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention Serum osteocalcin (ng/ml) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention The urinary amino telopeptides of collagen I (NTx) (nmol bone collagen equivalents/mmol creatinine) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 88 participants | Moderate |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate All‐cause mortality · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate Fractures · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.18, 5.06] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Fractures · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Adverse events · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 5.26 [1.26, 22.04] | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Change in % of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) per year (g/cm2 year‐1) · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 36 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Change in % of proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) per year (g/cm2 year‐1) · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 36 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Liver‐related morbidity · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.15, 7.63] | 2 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Hormone replacement vs placebo or no intervention Bilirubin (µmol/L) · women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis · Cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro‐intestinal bleeding and no current spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.11, 0.37] | 7 studies · 538 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · Cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro‐intestinal bleeding and no current spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.43, 0.87] | 7 studies · 538 participants | Very low |