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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Mean logMAR visual acuity at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 501 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Comparison (intervention vs comparator) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Treatment 2: topical regimen alone (chloramphenicol‐sulfadimidine) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6618 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mode 1: Anterior sub‐Tenon injections (subconjunctival) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 77015 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mode 2: Posterior sub‐Tenon injections (retrobulbar) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 77015 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Treatment 1: fixed combination of topical gatifloxacin 0.3% and prednisolone acetate 1% · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 108 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Treatment 2: individual instillation of topical gatifloxacin 0.3% and prednisolone acetate 1% · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 108 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Treatment: BSS with antibiotics (vancomycin 20 mg/mL and gentamicin 8 mg/mL) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 644 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Control: BSS‐only irrigating infusion fluid · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 644 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Treatment 1: combined intracameral cefuroxime and topical levofloxacin · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16603 participants | High |
Intervention NR Treatment 2: intracameral cefuroxime 0.9% · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16603 participants | High |
Intervention NR Treatment 3: topical levofloxacin 0.5% · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16603 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Control: placebo drops · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16603 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Interventions · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Treatment 1: combined prophylaxis (topical regimen + periocular penicillin at the time of surgery) · participants undergoing cataract surgery Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6618 participants | Moderate |
Neuroprotection vs control Outcomes* · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuroprotection vs control Visual field: the proportion of participants with progression of visual field loss at 4 years' · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.14, 0.86] | 1 study · 101 participants | Very low |
Neuroprotection vs control Visual acuity: the proportion of participants with loss of visual acuity at 4 years' · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuroprotection vs control Intraocular pressure: mean IOP at 4 years' · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.2 | 1 study · 91 participants | Very low |
Neuroprotection vs control Vertical cup‐disc ratio: the proportion of participants with asymmetrical vertical cup‐disc ratio greater than 0.3 at 4 years' · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuroprotection vs control Adverse effects: ocular allergy to the study medication requiring discontinuation up to 4 years' · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 5.32 [1.64, 17.26] | 1 study · 178 participants | Very low |
Neuroprotection vs control Quality of life measures · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuroprotection vs control Economic data · adults with open angle glaucoma Neuroprotection for treatment of glaucoma in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Immediate cataract surgery vs delayed cataract surgery Mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (measured on the LogMAR scale; 0 = good vision, higher scores = worse vision) · people with cataract and age‐related macular degeneration Surgery for cataracts in people with age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Moderate |
Immediate cataract surgery vs delayed cataract surgery Mean change in cumulated drusen or geographic atrophy area size (CDGAS) · people with cataract and age‐related macular degeneration Surgery for cataracts in people with age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Ungraded |
Immediate cataract surgery vs delayed cataract surgery Development of choroidal neovascularization · people with cataract and age‐related macular degeneration Surgery for cataracts in people with age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.21 [0.14, 75.68] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Immediate cataract surgery vs delayed cataract surgery Quality of life (measured by the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire; higher mean scores represent better quality of life in the analyses, scale of 0 to 5) · people with cataract and age‐related macular degeneration Surgery for cataracts in people with age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Immediate cataract surgery vs delayed cataract surgery Complications · people with cataract and age‐related macular degeneration Surgery for cataracts in people with age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs cyclosporine Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.95] | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs oral pilocarpine Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.29 [1.2, 4.38] | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs artificial tears Adverse events (punctate epithelial keratopathy) · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.57, 3.12] | NR | Low |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Symptomatic improvement · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Ocular surface staining · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Aqueous tear production · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Tear film stability · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: punctal plugs in the upper vs lower puncta Artificial tear use · adults with dry eye syndrome Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |