Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

885 questions · 903 findings · 72 reviews

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No studies found 106 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 45 · 5%Very low 114 · 12.6%Low 238 · 26.4%Moderate 314 · 34.8%High 86 · 9.5%

Intervention not reported

Adults and adolescents · adults and children with chronic asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.25 [0.72, 2.16]
8 studies · 8453 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.36, 1.78]
41 studies · 27951 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal SAEc (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.14 [0.97, 1.33]
41 studies · 27951 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related mortality · adults and children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
41 studies · 27951 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related non‐fatal SAEc (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.15 [0.83, 1.59]
41 studies · 27951 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Children · adults and children with chronic asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 8453 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause non‐fatal SAEc · adults and children with chronic asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal SAEc (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.04 [0.73, 1.48]
8 studies · 8453 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related mortality · adults and children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 8453 participants
Moderate

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.2 [0.02, 1.73]
2 studies · 880 participants
Very low

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.35, 1.5]
2 studies · 880 participants
Very low

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Pneumonia · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes pneumonia compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 6.12 [0.73, 51.24]
2 studies · 880 participants
Very low

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Quality of life · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 779 participants
Very low

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes hospital admissions (all‐cause) compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.96 [0.49, 1.89]
2 studies · 880 participants
Very low

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Exacerbations leading to intubation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Physical activity measure (e.g. 6MWT) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

BPD at 28 days · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.96, 1.34]
2 studies · 233 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years of age · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

The intervention probably leads to lower ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.19, 0.94]
1 study · 48 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · Preterm neonates with respiratory distress

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate