Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Early neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling · developing countries

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… may leads to higher early neonatal mortality ‐ One‐to‐one counselling compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ECT plus standard care changes satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving… compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes leaving the study early: short‐term – for any reason compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Padded moulded double‐rocker plaster shoe vs padded below‐knee plaster

Ulcer healing · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy

It is very uncertain whether padded moulded double‐rocker plaster shoe changes primary outcome: healing of ulcer (ulcers fully or nearly healed at… compared with padded below‐knee plaster (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Long‐term… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B antipsychotic drugs: amisulpiride + needs‐focused intervention vs needs‐focused intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B antipsychotic drugs: amisulpiride + needs‐focused intervention changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with needs‐focused intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with placebo + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early (events)… compared with needs‐based intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group A: amino acids vs placebo

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group A: amino acids changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training vs active control

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C other: cognitive training changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with active control (tablet games) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review