Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,534 questions · 5,247 findings · 456 reviews

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No studies found 1,142 · 21.8%GRADE not reported 1,503 · 28.6%Very low 1,040 · 19.8%Low 869 · 16.6%Moderate 554 · 10.6%High 139 · 2.6%

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Intervention not reported

Change in health‐related quality of life (SMD) Parent‐reported measures Instruments: PedsQL parent proxy: 23 items that yield total, physical summary, and psychosocial summary scores, each with a possible range of 0‐100 (100 = best possible health... · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 718 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Morbidity · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Socioeconomic effects · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

a) Change in BMI · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 2774 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life Validated self‐reported measures · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 972 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Morbidity · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Socioeconomic effects · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Xylitol vs control

Final diagnosis of at least one episode of AOM · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol probably leads to lower final diagnosis of at least one episode of AOM compared with control (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.65, 0.88]
3 studies · 1826 participants
Moderate
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.67, 1.21]
1 study · 326 participants
Low
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.83, 1.53]
1 study · 1253 participants
Moderate

Xylitol vs control

Antibiotic administration ‐ not measured · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol vs control

Hospitalisation ‐ not reported · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol vs control

Mortality ‐ not reported · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol vs control

Number of days missed at school or daycare ‐ not measured · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol vs control

Cost ‐ not measured · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Xylitol vs control

Gastrointestinal adverse events · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal‐related adverse events compared with control (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.92, 1.16]
1 study · 326 participants
Moderate
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.43 [0.74, 2.75]
3 studies · 1826 participants
Moderate
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [0.61, 13]
1 study · 1277 participants
Moderate

Xylitol vs control

Antibiotic administration · preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol showed no clear difference in antibiotic administration compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.69, 1.16]
1 study · 326 participants
Moderate
Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.42, 0.97]
1 study · 306 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs control

All‐cause mortality · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3046 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs control

Cause‐specific mortality · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3046 participants
Low