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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Aquatic training vs control Withdrawals and adverse effects8 · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | Risk ratio 1.13 [0.73, 1.77] | 8 studies · 472 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Multidimensional function Self report questionnaire FIQ‐total (range 0 to 100 mm, higher scores mean worse function) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Self reported physical function SF‐36 (0 to 100, transformed so higher scores mean poorer function) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 74 participants | Very low |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Hemoglobin (Hb) level at the end of the study · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Fatigue Not reported · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Safety (Adverse events including adverse drug reaction) · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Very low |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Withdrawals due to lack of efficacy · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erythropoietin (subcutaneous or intravenous at varying dosages) vs placebo Withdrawals due to high blood pressure · anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo GI side effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.59, 0.92] | 6 studies · 644 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo Liver toxicity (ie, incidence of transaminase elevation) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.1, 0.36] | 2 studies · 302 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo Haematological disorders (incidence of neutropenia, etc) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.42, 6.96] | 2 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Folic acid vs placebo Total withdrawals · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.29, 0.64] | 3 studies · 343 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo Number of swollen joints with folic acid (≤7 mg/wk) Change in number of swollen joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo Number of tender joints with folic acid (≤7 mg/wk) Change in number of tender joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo GI side effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.59, 1.02] | 4 studies · 426 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo Stomatitis / mouth sores (incidence) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.46, 1.07] | 3 studies · 410 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo Liver toxicity (incidence of transaminase elevation) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.16, 0.44] | 3 studies · 358 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo Haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.25, 8.59] | 1 study · 278 participants | Low |
Folinic acid vs placebo Total withdrawals · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.23, 0.53] | 3 studies · 386 participants | Moderate |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Stomatitis / mouth sores (incidence) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.49, 1.06] | 4 studies · 575 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo Number of swollen joints with folinic acid (≤7 mg/wk) Change in number of swollen joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Moderate |
Folinic acid vs placebo Number of tender joints with folinic acid (≤7 mg/wk) Change in number of tender joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Liver toxicity (incidence of transaminase elevation) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.15, 0.34] | 4 studies · 551 participants | Moderate |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.4, 5.91] | 2 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Total withdrawals · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.28, 0.53] | 6 studies · 640 participants | Moderate |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Number of swollen joints Change in number of swollen joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 142 participants | Moderate |
Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo Number of tender joints Change in number of tender joints · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 122 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo GI side effects (ie, incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.01] | 3 studies · 355 participants | Moderate |
Folic acid vs placebo Stomatitis / mouth sores (incidence) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.53, 1.54] | 2 studies · 302 participants | Moderate |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone Response to treatment (20% improvement)* · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [1.13, 3.73] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone Adverse events ‐ Urinary tract infections · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.47, 1.57] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone Adverse events ‐ Death · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.03, 1.96] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone SLICC scores (damage index) Scale: from 0 to 48 (lower is better) · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone SLEDAI scores (disease activity index) Scale: from 0 to 106 (lower is better) · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone Prednisone sparing · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone Seizures · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.57 [0.92, 7.14] | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Pain 100 mm VAS Scale from: 0 to 100 (Higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 434 participants | Moderate |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Physical function WOMAC function Scale from: 0 to 100 (Higher scores mean more severe limitation) · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 197 participants | Low |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Quality of life SF‐36 item Scale from: 0 to 100 (Lower scores mean worse quality) · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 145 participants | Moderate |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Radiographic progression Bone scintigraphic examinations · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 78 participants | Ungraded |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Number of patients experiencing any adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.92] | 4 studies · 288 participants | Moderate |
Electromagnetic field treatment vs placebo Number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.06, 13.92] | 1 study · 78 participants | Low |
Topical NSAIDs vs placebo Pain 0 to 10 visual analogue scale (0 = no pain) · Adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
Oral NSAIDs vs placebo Function/disability 0 to 100 visual analogue scale (higher score = less disability) and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less disability) · adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Low |
Oral NSAIDs vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral NSAIDs vs placebo Adverse events · adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Ungraded |
Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection Pain 9‐ and 10‐point Likert scales (lower score = less pain) · Adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 126 participants | Very low |
Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection Treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness · Adults with lateral elbow pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.26] | 2 studies · 126 participants | Very low |