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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.67, 1.78] | 3 studies · 1299 participants | High |
Intervention NR Non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41] | 4 studies · 1599 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Non‐serious local adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (inactivated HAV vaccines) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.05, 0.31] | 4 studies · 41690 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (live attenuated HAV vaccines) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (live attenuated HAV vaccines) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0.03, 0.17] | 5 studies · 690690 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (Dose of live attenuated HAV vaccine, titre >= TCID50 ) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (Dose of live attenuated HAV vaccine, titre >= TCID50 ) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.03 [0.02, 0.06] | 2 studies · 62270 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (Dose of live attenuated HAV vaccine, titre < TCID50 ) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention All‐cause mortality · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 3 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs ursodeoxycholic acid Adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 6.19 [0.31, 122.05] | 2 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs ursodeoxycholic acid Serum alkaline phosphatases (U/L) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Moderate |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Liver morbidity · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 3 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 5.4 [0.69, 42.32] | 3 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Serum alkaline phosphatases (U/L) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 79 participants | Low |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Serum alkaline phosphatases (U/L) ‐ duration of administration 6 months · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 38 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Serum alkaline phosphatases (U/L) ‐ duration of administration 12 to 13 months · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 41 participants | Low |
Bezafibrate vs no intervention Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 34 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs ursodeoxycholic acid All‐cause mortality · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 2 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Bezafibrate vs ursodeoxycholic acid Liver morbidity · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis (2012) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 2 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Antibiotics versus no antibiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 127 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Long duration antibiotics versus short duration antibiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 180 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Prebiotics and probiotics versus none · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Pre‐operative and post‐operative prebiotics and probiotics versus post‐operative prebiotics and probiotics · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs comparison Mortality ‐ Topical povidone iodine gel versus no topical povidone iodine gel · patients undergoing liver resections Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.24, 7.53] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control 60‐day mortality ‐ Aprotinin versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.18, 1.45] | 3 studies · 280 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Thromboembolic episodes ‐ Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.65, 2.91] | 2 studies · 266 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Serious adverse events ‐ Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [0.94, 1.78] | 2 studies · 266 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Blood loss ‐ Aprotinin versus control (litre) · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 195 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Blood loss ‐ Tranexamic acid versus control (litre) · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Blood loss ‐ Thromboelastography versus control (litre) · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Blood loss ‐ Tranexamic acid versus aprotinin · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Red cell or whole blood transfusion ‐ Aprotinin versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 375 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Red cell or whole blood transfusion ‐ Tranexamic acid versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 159 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Red cell or whole blood transfusion ‐ Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 221 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Red cell or whole blood transfusion ‐ Thromboelastography versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control 60‐day mortality ‐ Tranexamic acid versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.17, 1.76] | 3 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Red cell or whole blood transfusion ‐ Tranexamic acid versus aprotinin · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 198 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control 60‐day mortality ‐ Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.33, 6.95] | 3 studies · 286 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control 60‐day mortality ‐ Tranexamic acid versus aprotinin · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 4.12 [0.71, 23.76] | 2 studies · 178 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Primary graft non‐function ‐ Aprotinin versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.02, 1.25] | 2 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Retransplantation ‐ Aprotinin versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.02, 1.79] | 2 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Retransplantation ‐ Tranexamic acid versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.18, 3.48] | 2 studies · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Thromboembolic episodes ‐ Aprotinin versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.18, 1.96] | 3 studies · 280 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs control Thromboembolic episodes ‐ Tranexamic acid versus control · Patients with liver transplantation. Methods to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements for liver transplantation (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.2 [0.38, 12.64] | 5 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 2 studies · 46 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs another bisphosphonate Adverse events · patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.31, 2.94] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |