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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Integrated management of childhood illness strategy vs routine care Satisfaction of beneficiaries · children < 5 years of age Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adherence to guidelines · Healthcare professionals (physiotherapists, hospital physicians) providing care for people with different clinical… Tools developed and disseminated by guideline producers to promote the uptake of their guidelines (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 68 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Costs · Healthcare professionals (physiotherapists, hospital physicians) providing care for people with different clinical… Tools developed and disseminated by guideline producers to promote the uptake of their guidelines (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 68 participants | Low |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 12 months · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 4229 participants | Moderate |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c, %) at 12 months · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 775 participants | High |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Low‐density lipoprotein (mmol/L) at 12 months · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1469 participants | Moderate |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Adherence (continuous) · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 700 participants | Moderate |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Patient satisfaction · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 7514 participants | Moderate |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Adverse events · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 18400 participants | Low |
Non‐medical prescribing vs medical prescribing Health‐related quality of life · patients with acute and chronic disease Non‐medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 4631 participants | Moderate |
Day hospitals vs alternative care or no care Death by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.85, 1.28] | 16 studies · 3533 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care Deterioration in ADL in survivors · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.38, 0.97] | 2 studies · 407 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs domiciliary care Death by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.61, 1.55] | 7 studies · 901 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs domiciliary care Death or institutional care by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.57, 1.92] | 5 studies · 672 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs domiciliary care Death or deterioration in ADL · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.41 [0.82, 2.42] | 4 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs domiciliary care Death or poor outcome (institutional care, disability or deterioration) · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.67, 1.74] | 5 studies · 581 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs domiciliary care Deterioration in ADL in survivors · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.59 [0.87, 2.9] | 4 studies · 349 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs comprehensive care Death by the end of · older people requiring rehabilitation Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.26 [0.87, 1.82] | 5 studies · 1287 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs comprehensive care Death or institutional care by the end of · older people requiring rehabilitation Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.69, 1.44] | 4 studies · 1181 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs comprehensive care Death or deterioration in ADL · older people requiring rehabilitation Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.63, 2.18] | 1 study · 174 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs comprehensive care Death or poor outcome (institutional care, disability or deterioration) · older people requiring rehabilitation Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.79, 1.4] | 5 studies · 1268 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs alternative care or no care Death or institutional care by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.63, 1.14] | 13 studies · 3030 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs comprehensive care Deterioration in ADL in survivors · older people requiring rehabilitation Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.21 [0.58, 2.52] | 1 study · 149 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs alternative care or no care Death or deterioration in activities of daily living (ADL) · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.76, 1.49] | 7 studies · 1268 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs alternative care or no care Death or poor outcome (institutional care, disability or deterioration) · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.74, 1.15] | 13 studies · 2831 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs alternative care or no care Deterioration in ADL in survivors Various ADL measures · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.11 [0.68, 1.8] | 7 studies · 905 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care Death by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.63, 1.22] | 4 studies · 1345 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care Death or institutional care by the end of · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.4, 1] | 4 studies · 1177 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care Death or deterioration in ADL · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.56, 1.05] | 2 studies · 651 participants | Low |
Day hospitals vs no comprehensive care Death or poor outcome (institutional care, disability or deterioration) · patients with rehabilitation needs Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.53, 0.99] | 3 studies · 982 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality (all‐cause) · people with heart failure Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 5239 participants | High |
Intervention NR Admission to hospital (all‐cause) · people with heart failure Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 4529 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Disease‐ specific quality of life (QoL) · people with heart failure Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 482 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HbA1c (%) · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2768 participants | High |
Intervention NR LDL cholesterol · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 4 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Blood pressure · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1770 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Disease‐specific Quality of Life (QoL) · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 277 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Healthcare resource use and cost (ED and urgent care visits, outpatient visits, telephone calls, consultation time; no of eye examinations) · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 2208 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse clinical events (hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic events) · adults, adolescents and children with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 453 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 1: provision of electronic health information vs printed health information Changes to professional behavior ‐ clinical practice, e.g. consultations compliant with 9 guideline recommendations · newly graduated physicians Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 96 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Changes to professional behavior ‐ use of EHI, e.g. use of E‐CPG · physicians Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Low |
Comparison 3: provision of electronic health information via different interfaces: full‐service vs self‐service Changes to professional behavior ‐ use of EHI · physicians Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 98 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 4: provision of electronic health information with training/education vs without training/education Changes to professional behavior ‐ use of EHI · medical residents; allied health personnel; physicians, midwives, nurses Interventions to increase the use of electronic health information by healthcare practitioners to improve… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 183 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Equity of distribution of Western medicine physicians post implementation (Gini coefficient) · Western medicine physicians, Chinese medicine physicians and dentists Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Equity of distribution of Chinese medicine physicians post implementation (Gini coefficient) · Western medicine physicians, Chinese medicine physicians and dentists Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Equity of distribution of dentists post implementation (Gini coefficient) · Western medicine physicians, Chinese medicine physicians and dentists Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Implementation of recommended practice, e.g. clinical practice guideline recommendations · healthcare professionals Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.56 | 15 studies · 7990 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Healthcare outcomes · healthcare professionals Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Costs · healthcare professionals Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · healthcare professionals Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |