Disease-free survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
It is very uncertain whether non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell… changes disease-free survival compared with standard therapy alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression‐free survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard… showed no clear difference in progression-free survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy); GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Quality of life · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
2 findings from 1 review
Summary of findings 2 (melphalan/HSCT): Quality of life - '1 study assessed this outcome but the data are currently unavailable as the study report and analysis have not yet been completed' (Toro 2013; measured with…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Quality of life - 'No studies assessed this outcome'.
0 studies
No studies found
Adverse events · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
2 findings from 1 review
Adverse events reported narratively: one study did not report adverse events (Askarifar 2015); another reported no serious adverse events (Toro 2013); the remaining two reported low rates of shooting pain from the…
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Adverse events reported narratively (not meta-analysed): one study reported no adverse effects (Katranci 2012); the other four 5FU studies reported low rates of very minor adverse events (headache, chills,…
5 studies · 444 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral mucositis (severe) · Patients with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) receiving high-dose methotrexate, vincristine and leucovorin
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (severe). Not estimable - no participants had developed severe oral mucositis by the fourth day after chemotherapy when the data were reported (Zhang 2011, Analysis 4.3, subgroup 3.1); 118 participants…
1 study · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults with solid cancers receiving fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy for 30 minutes changes oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with oral cryotherapy for 60 minutes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Progression‐free survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
It is very uncertain whether tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus… changes progression-free survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant satisfaction · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (mean severity on WHO 0 to 4 scale) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (mean severity on WHO 0 to 4 scale) compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Costs (direct and indirect) · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral pain · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
3 findings from 1 review
Oral pain was assessed in this subgroup but the study (Kakoei 2013) did not report details of the scale used, so the data could not be used (no usable estimate).
1 study
GRADE not reported
MD -1.93 [-2.37, -1.49]
1 study · 80 participants
Very low
MD -1.5 [-2.11, -0.89]
2 studies · 85 participants
Low
Overall survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
2 findings from 1 review
BCG-CWP + surgery versus surgery alone: 3-year overall survival 10/10 vs 9/10; too few participants to calculate a hazard ratio (Bier 1981, 24 participants).
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
HR 0.52 [0.31, 0.87]
1 study · 201 participants
Very low
Oral mucositis (any severity) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.59 [0.35, 1.01]
5 studies · 270 participants
Low
RR 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]
5 studies · 444 participants
Moderate
RR 0.98 [0.90, 1.07]
1 study · 122 participants
Very low
Number of days in hospital (duration of hospitalisation) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Overall survival · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx
It is very uncertain whether tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus… changes overall survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with solid cancers receiving fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy for 30 minutes changes oral mucositis (severe) compared with oral cryotherapy for 60 minutes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with solid cancers receiving fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (any severity) compared with chlorhexidine rinse (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (any severity) · Patients with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) receiving high-dose methotrexate, vincristine and leucovorin
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (any severity) compared with low-dose leucovorin rinse (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Patients with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) receiving high-dose methotrexate, vincristine and leucovorin
It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with low-dose leucovorin rinse (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review