Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

94 questions · 96 findings · 16 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 1 · 1%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.2%Very low 33 · 34.4%Low 34 · 35.4%Moderate 22 · 22.9%High 2 · 2.1%

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 872 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 282 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 291 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 332 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 68 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Disability Multiple scales (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 794 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 282 participants
Moderate

Paracetamol vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol for low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1526 participants
High

Paracetamol vs placebo

Disability 1 week (immediate term) (RMDQ 0 to 24) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol for low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1522 participants
High

NSAIDs vs placebo

Change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 918 participants
Very low

NSAIDs vs placebo

Global Improvement short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica

NSAIDs may leads to higher global Improvement short‐term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14
3 studies · 753 participants
Low

NSAIDs vs placebo

Side effects short‐term · people with low back pain with sciatica

NSAIDs may leads to higher side effects short‐term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for sciatica 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4
4 studies · 967 participants
Low

Massage vs inactive control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 761 participants
Low

Massage vs inactive control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 725 participants
Low

Massage vs active control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 964 participants
Very low

Massage vs active control

Function (higher scores mean more disability) ‐ Short‐term · patients with LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for low‐back pain 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 618 participants
Very low

Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control

Chronic neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation (thoracic) showed no clear difference in chronic neck pain Short‐term compared with inactive control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
Low

Manipulation vs mobilisation

Acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation showed no clear difference in acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term compared with mobilisation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 176 participants
Moderate

Manipulation vs mobilisation

Subacute and chronic neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation showed no clear difference in subacute and chronic neck pain Short‐term compared with mobilisation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 269 participants
Moderate