Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

92 questions · 97 findings · 9 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 13 · 13.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.1%Very low 47 · 48.5%Low 19 · 19.6%Moderate 12 · 12.4%High 4 · 4.1%

Diclofenac vs paracetamol

Pain intensity ‐ as reported by child, at 2 to 24 hours № of participants: 300 (3 RCTs) · children with acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 3 participants
Very low

Diclofenac vs paracetamol

Nausea and vomiting · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether diclofenac changes nausea, vomiting, or both during study period № of participants: 348… compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.25, 0.87]
5 studies · 348 participants
Very low

Diclofenac vs paracetamol

Any bleeding during study period № of participants: 100(2 RCTs)d · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether diclofenac changes any bleeding during study period № of participants: 332 (5 RCTs) compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.12, 2.62]
5 studies · 332 participants
Very low

Diclofenac vs paracetamol

Serious adverse events during the study period · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether diclofenac changes serious adverse events during study period № of participants: 60 (1… compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.22]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

At least 30% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 227 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

At least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 227 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 227 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 227 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

Serious adverse events (death) · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 280 participants
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

Other adverse events · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Oral tramadol vs oral morphine

Treatment withdrawal · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Participants with at least 30% or at least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

PGIC much or very much improved · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mean pain intensity at end of study · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Mean quality of life or "well‐being" · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Participant preference · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 52 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Para/propacetamol vs placebo see footnote1 · patients with postoperative pain

The intervention leads to higher para/propacetamol vs placebo see footnote1 (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose intravenous paracetamol or intravenous propacetamol for postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.53 [2.01, 3.19]
11 studies · 1149 participants
High