Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

230 questions · 243 findings · 23 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 52 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 10 · 4.1%Very low 85 · 35%Low 51 · 21%Moderate 37 · 15.2%High 8 · 3.3%

Early vs delayed mobilisation

Self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1 or more problems) · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)

It is very uncertain whether early changes self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1… compared with delayed mobilisation (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Functional outcomes · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in functional scoresf(higher = better outcome) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with complications · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with… compared with non‐surgical treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PCC vs FVIIa

All thrombotic events (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, other arterial thromboembolism, and venous thromboembolism) · cardiac surgery for the treatment of non‐surgical bleeding

It is very uncertain whether PCC changes thrombotic events compared with FVIIa (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review