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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

75 questions · 76 findings · 13 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

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No studies found 14 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.6%Very low 33 · 43.4%Low 16 · 21.1%Moderate 8 · 10.5%High 3 · 3.9%

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: multiple categories of exercise showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: exercise (all types) changes number of people who experienced one of more falls that resulted in… compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: exercise (all types) may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls that required… compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises leads to lower number of people who experienced one of more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs exercise

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether multifactorial interventions changes number of people sustaining one or more falls compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs usual care or attention control

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

Multiple component interventions probably leads to lower number of people sustaining one or more falls compared with usual care or attention control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community

Multiple component interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more… compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining one or more falls compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether multiple component interventions changes number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures compared with usual care or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs exercise

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

Multiple component interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining one or more falls compared with exercise (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as 2 or more… compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

Multifactorial interventions showed no clear difference in number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as remanipulation for early loss of position; early or more complex wire removal ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes 'Treatment failure': various secondary procedures such as… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes serious adverse events (typically more serious complications) ( compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Activity: long term (5 or more years · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes activity: long term (5 or more years compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review