Retention in treatment · individuals dependent on illicit opiates
Dihydrocodeine showed no clear difference in treatment retention compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean days in treatment · Adults with opioid dependence
1 finding from 1 review
Number completing withdrawal treatment · Adults with opioid dependence
Buprenorphine showed no clear difference in completion of withdrawal treatment compared with methadone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with severe withdrawal · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in participants with severe withdrawal compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Peak withdrawal score · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
1 finding from 1 review
Overall withdrawal severity · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of treatment · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
1 finding from 1 review
Number experiencing hypotensive or other adverse effects · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist may leads to higher number experiencing hypotensive or other adverse effects compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in drop‐out due to adverse effects compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Completion of treatment · People undergoing managed opioid withdrawal
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist showed no clear difference in completion of treatment compared with methadone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention in treatment · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention leads to lower retention in treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Morphine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in morphine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Self‐reported heroin use · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in self‐reported heroin use (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cocaine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in cocaine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Benzodiazepine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in benzodiazepine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention in treatment · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Morphine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in morphine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Benzodiazepine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.
The intervention showed no clear difference in benzodiazepine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention in treatment ‐ Old studies (pre 2000) objective · patients with opioid dependence
The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment ‐ Old studies (pre 2000) objective (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention in treatment ‐ New studies · patients with opioid dependence
The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment ‐ New studies (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review