Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

121 questions · 128 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 21 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.1%Very low 40 · 31.3%Low 40 · 31.3%Moderate 20 · 15.6%High 3 · 2.3%

Summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic changes serious adverse events compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Proportion discharged as day surgery · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic changes proportion discharged as day surgery compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · septal surgery

Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing probably leads to lower requirement for additional analgesia compared with no packing/packing with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review