Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

138 questions · 169 findings · 32 reviews · Tobacco Addiction

No studies found 8 · 4.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 49 · 29%Low 59 · 34.9%Moderate 39 · 23.1%High 14 · 8.3%

Intervention not reported

Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Comparisons between Internet interventions (programmes): tailored/interactive versus not tailored/interactive Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in comparisons between Internet interventions (programmes):… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Comparisons between Internet interventions (messages): tailored/interactive versus not tailored/interactive Self‐reported smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in comparisons between Internet interventions (messages):… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs control

Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural intervention (multiple contacts, initiated at least 4 weeks before surgery) · People awaiting surgery

Behavioural intervention probably leads to higher smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Self‐help interventions · Employees who smoke

The intervention showed no clear difference in self‐help interventions (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pharmacological interventions · Employees who smoke

The intervention leads to higher pharmacological interventions (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Multiple interventions · Employees who smoke

The intervention probably leads to higher multiple interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review