ANC coverage: four or more visits · pregnant women
Combination of interventions showed no clear difference in ANC coverage: four or more visits compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pregnancy‐related deaths · pregnant women
Combination of interventions showed no clear difference in pregnancy‐related deaths compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome ‐ abdominal discomfort · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
Stimulant laxatives probably leads to higher secondary outcome ‐ abdominal discomfort compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
GDM · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in GDM compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality or morbidity composite · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in neonatal hypoglycaemia compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Z score BMI · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in childhood adiposity (latest time reported) (BMI z score) compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
2 findings from 1 review
Neurosensory disability · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (mother) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
It is very uncertain whether combined diet and exercise interventions changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced… compared with standard care (mother) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perineal trauma compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postnatal depression · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse in the first 3 months postpartum (Current Abuse Score**) The Current abuse score consists of 2 scales: 1) Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and 2) Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during the first 3 months postpartum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Partner abuse: abuse score in the first 3 months postpartum (Conflict Tactics Score*) The CTS is a 19‐item self‐report scale listing behaviours that the respondent’s partner might use in conflicts. Women report the frequency of partner behaviours ... · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy and up to 10 weeks postpartum) · pregnant women
Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) probably leads to lower partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review