Wrist fractures · general population
Wrist-fracture risk declined nearly linearly with increasing fluoride: RR 1.00 at 0.01 mg/L to 0.84 at 1.5 mg/L drinking-water fluoride vs null; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 1.5 mg/L vs null
RR 0.84 [0.43, 1.65]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 0.01 mg/L vs null
RR 1.00 [0.99, 1.01]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Hip Fracture · general population
Overall hip-fracture risk showed little association with drinking-water fluoride and a nearly flat dose-response curve (narrow CI); no numeric RR reported in text; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Females aged over 50 years
In females over 50, spine BMD showed an inverted U-shaped curve with a downward trend beginning at lower fluoride concentrations than in the overall analysis; no numeric MD reported in text; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Absence of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether removal from exposure changes absence of asthma symptoms; compared with continued exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether removal from exposure changes improvement of asthma symptoms; compared with reduction of exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · workers with occupational asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Change in NSBH: · workers with occupational asthma
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Being unemployed; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether removal from exposure changes being unemployed; compared with reduction of exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether removal from exposure changes improvement of asthma symptoms; compared with continued exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · workers with occupational asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Change in NSBH: · workers with occupational asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Absence of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether reduction of exposure changes absence of asthma symptoms; compared with continued exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · workers with occupational asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Change in NSBH: · workers with occupational asthma
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Absence of asthma symptoms; · workers with occupational asthma
It is very uncertain whether removal from exposure changes absence of asthma symptoms; compared with reduction of exposure (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults (18-45 y) with mature permanent molars, carious exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
Restricting the lateral extent of partial pulpotomy gives success equivalent to more extensive amputation (97.6% vs 97.5%, p>0.05; ungraded, single trial).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pain and analgesic intake · Adults (18-45 y) with mature permanent molars, carious exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
Restricted partial pulpotomy causes less early postoperative pain and analgesic use than extended amputation (p<0.05; ungraded, single trial).
1 finding from 1 review
Same RCT (Ramani 2024): restricted PP had significantly lower postoperative pain scores on days 1 and 2 (p<0.05) and required significantly less analgesic intake (p<0.05) than extended PP.
1 study · 96 participants
GRADE not reported
Caries presence in primary teeth · Young children with primary (deciduous) dentition (aged 1 to 6 years at study start)
Postnatal (infancy) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in primary dentition (pooled OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.05; 13 studies; high heterogeneity I2=83%); certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition
Postnatal (infancy) tobacco exposure is associated with higher odds of caries in permanent dentition (pooled OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.34; 9 studies; no heterogeneity); certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review