Pain at rest at 6 to 8 hours (score from 0 to 10) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes pain at rest at 6 to 8hours after surgery (score from 0 to 10) compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemodynamic support (in hospital) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in haemodynamic support (in hospital) compared with peripheral nerve blocks (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortallity (0 to 30 days · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (0 to 2 weeks) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Risk of neurologicalcomplications (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Duration of tracheal intubation · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
37 participants
Very low
Pain at rest at 6 to 8 hours (score from 0 to 10) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
37 participants
Very low
Haemodynamic support (in hospital) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortallity (0 to 30 days · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes mortallity (0 to 30 days compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean delivery during labour epidural analgesia · term, pregnant women (nulliparous, or combination of nulli‐ and muliparous) requesting for labour epidural analgesia
Automated mandatory bolus showed no clear difference in caesarean delivery during labour epidural analgesia compared with basal infusion (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental delivery during labour epidural analgesia · term, pregnant women (nulliparous, or combination of nulli‐ and muliparous) requesting for labour epidural analgesia
Automated mandatory bolus showed no clear difference in instrumental delivery during labour epidural analgesia compared with basal infusion (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Local anaesthetic consumption per hour (mg/hr)c during labour epidural analgesia · term, pregnant women (nulliparous, or combination of nulli‐ and muliparous) requesting for labour epidural analgesia
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural analgesia during labour · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium
Case notes showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia used in labour compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal pain score measured during labour · women in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour
Epidural may leads to higher satisfaction with pain relief ‐ proportion rating excellent or very… compared with opioids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour
Epidural may leads to higher assisted vaginal birth compared with opioids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women in labour
Epidural showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with opioids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review