What do systematic reviews say?

Early vs deferred AST

Early probably leads to lower time to death from prostate cancer (here: prostate cancer mortality… compared with deferred AST (moderate certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.69 [0.57, 0.84]
  7 studies · 3677 participants
  Moderate

Early vs deferred AST

Early may leads to lower skeletal events compared with deferred AST (low certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.17, 0.8]
  3 studies · 2209 participants
  Low

Early vs deferred AST

Early may leads to higher fatigue compared with deferred AST (low certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [1.23, 1.62]
  2 studies · 8209 participants
  Low

Early vs deferred AST

Early may leads to higher heart failure compared with deferred AST (low certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.9 [1.09, 3.33]
  1 study · 1214 participants
  Low

Early vs deferred AST

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 285 participants
  Moderate

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early showed no clear difference in major urological complications: all stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (low certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.87 [0.61, 5.71]
  5 studies · 1127 participants
  Low

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early showed no clear difference in major urological complications: bladder indwelling stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (low certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.52, 5.36]
  3 studies · 539 participants
  Low

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early showed no clear difference in major urological complications: per‐urethral stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (low certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [0.03, 74.45]
  2 studies · 588 participants
  Low

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early probably leads to lower urinary tract infection: all stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (moderate certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.81]
  5 studies · 1126 participants
  Moderate

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early probably leads to lower urinary tract infection: bladder indwelling stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (moderate certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.29, 0.7]
  3 studies · 539 participants
  Moderate

Early vs late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation

Early showed no clear difference in urinary tract infection: per‐urethral stents compared with late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation (low certainty).

• Early versus late ureteric stent removal after kidney transplantation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.17, 2.03]
  2 studies · 587 participants
  Low

Early vs late AED withdrawal

Early may leads to higher seizure relapse rate by time of withdrawal compared with late AED withdrawal (low certainty).

• Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [1.13, 1.59]
  5 studies · 924 participants
  Low

Early vs late AED withdrawal

Early showed no clear difference in seizure relapse rate in people with partial epilepsy by time of… compared with late AED withdrawal (low certainty).

• Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [0.97, 2.35]
  2 studies · 180 participants
  Low

Early vs late tracheostomy

Early probably leads to lower mortality at longest compared with late tracheostomy (moderate certainty).

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
  7 studies · 1903 participants
  Moderate

Early vs late tracheostomy

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 335 participants
  Moderate

Early vs late tracheostomy

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 336 participants
  Very low

Early vs late tracheostomy

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 336 participants
  Very low

Early vs late tracheostomy

Early leads to higher ICU discharge (at day 28 after randomization) compared with late tracheostomy (high certainty).

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.08, 1.55]
  2 studies · 538 participants
  High

Early vs late tracheostomy

• Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 948 participants
  Very low

Early vs delayed post‐operative bathing and showering

It is very uncertain whether early changes surgical site infection compared with delayed post‐operative bathing and showering (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed post‐operative bathing or showering to prevent wound complications 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.62, 1.48]
  1 study · 857 participants
  Very low