Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

89 questions · 89 findings · 17 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 11 · 12.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.1%Very low 18 · 20.2%Low 34 · 38.2%Moderate 18 · 20.2%High 7 · 7.9%

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) vs other endoscopic techniques

Overall success of cannulation · people with biliary cannulation for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) showed no clear difference in overall cannulation success compared with other endoscopic techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) vs other endoscopic techniques

Post‐ERCP bleeding · people with biliary cannulation for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) showed no clear difference in post‐ERCP bleeding compared with other endoscopic techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) vs other endoscopic techniques

Post‐ERCP perforation · people with biliary cannulation for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) showed no clear difference in post‐ERCP perforation compared with other endoscopic techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) vs other endoscopic techniques

Post‐ERCP cholangitis · people with biliary cannulation for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) showed no clear difference in post‐ERCP cholangitis compared with other endoscopic techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) vs other endoscopic techniques

All‐cause mortality · people with biliary cannulation for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct guidewire (PGW) or double guidewire technique (DGT) showed no clear difference in mortality compared with other endoscopic techniques (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double‐dose adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation

All‐cause mortality · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Double‐dose adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with liver transplantation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Overall survival (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane monotherapy) · advanced gastric adenocarcinoma

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Tumour response rate (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane monotherapy) · advanced gastric adenocarcinoma

It is very uncertain whether chemotherapy changes tumour response rate (taxane‐containing doublet therapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sleep onset latency Participant reports. Scale from 30 to 540 minutes; fewer minutes equalled better outcome; CFB and double‐blind average values included · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    9 studies · 2890 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Wake time after sleep onset Participant reports. Scale from: 30 to 540 minutes; fewer minutes equalled better outcome; CFB and double‐blind average values included · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    8 studies · 2295 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Total sleep time Participant reports. Scale from: 300 to 840; more minutes equalled better outcome; CFB and double‐blind average values included · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    9 studies · 2935 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Next‐day alertness Participant reports. Scale from: 0 to 10 points; higher scores equalled better outcome; CFB and double‐blind average values included · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (as defined in the primary study) Participant reports. Serious adverse events observed during double‐blind treatment period · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    12 studies · 4289 participants
    Moderate