Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

182 questions · 183 findings · 20 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 46 · 25.1%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.7%Very low 51 · 27.9%Low 37 · 20.2%Moderate 34 · 18.6%High 10 · 5.5%

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional versus various controls · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional ATCS versus various controls · patients with hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus (various) controls or usual care at median · patients with tobacco dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cognitive outcomes WISC‐III test (verbal performance similarities, comprehension, block design); visuospatial performance; Rey‐Osterrieth test (complex figure copying task) · male children and adolescents with short stature
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care

Parent health, functioning, and quality of life Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (higher scores = more of the outcome of interest, which can mean improvement or deterioration depending on the outcome) · children with medical complexity
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for the main comparison: comprehensive care programmes vs usual care

Child and family satisfaction with, and perceptions of, care and service delivery Family Experiences With Coordination of Care (FECC) survey (higher scores = better) Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) (higher scores = ... · children with medical complexity
1 finding from 1 review