Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

603 questions · 627 findings · 69 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 111 · 17.7%GRADE not reported 27 · 4.3%Very low 191 · 30.5%Low 138 · 22%Moderate 100 · 15.9%High 60 · 9.6%

Tramadol vs placebo

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.28, 2.52]
3 studies · 215 participants
Moderate

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (24 hours postoperatively) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.54, 1.12]
4 studies · 150 participants
Moderate

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache (frequency) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 127 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache intensity (mean score) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache duration (hours) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Symptomatic/analgesic medication use for acute headache attacks · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 118 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache index · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 128 participants
Very low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Quality of life · patients with tension‐type headache

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with tension‐type headache

It is very uncertain whether SSRIs or SNRIs changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.72 [0.79, 17.53]
3 studies · 190 participants
Very low

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Johnson 1993 (5 mg tds): sweating 37%, headache 15%, urinary frequency 14%, vasodilatation 12%, dizziness 10%, dyspepsia 10%, nausea 8%, asthenia 8%, diarrhoea 5%; 6% withdrew at 5 mg tds and 29% at 10 mg tds. LeVeque…
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine may leads to lower number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.71]
1 study · 40 participants
Low
Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.06]
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine may leads to lower number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.27, 0.84]
1 study · 76 participants
Low
Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.06 [0, 0.94]
1 study · 16 participants
Low

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.16, 6.42]
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Nalbuphine vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.12, 2.83]
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Transmucosal fentanyl vs placebo

PID change at 15 min

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1076 participants
High

Lamotrigine 200 to 400 mg vs placebo

At least 50% of maximum pain relief · neuropathic pain (three studies in painful diabetic neuropathy)

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Lamotrigine 200 to 400 mg vs placebo

Adverse events as N of participants with at least one adverse event objective · neuropathic pain (three studies in painful diabetic neuropathy)

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Lamotrigine 200 to 400 mg vs placebo

Participants with a serious adverse event (all conditions) · neuropathic pain (three studies in painful diabetic neuropathy)

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Lamotrigine 200 to 400 mg vs placebo

Rash · neuropathic pain (three studies in painful diabetic neuropathy)

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate