Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia
ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (rigidity) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage assessed by a medical practitioner or by participants · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).
Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone may leads to higher primary outcome: Global improvement of disease activity or damage… compared with placebo and oral prednisone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events associated with treatment · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).
Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with placebo and oral prednisone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: Improvement of disease activity (reduction in lesion size) · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome: Improvement of disease damage ‐ not measured · children and adolescents with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed subtype: linear and circumscribed).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · People with erosive oral lichen planus
1 finding from 1 review
Table 3 (Side-effects). Malhotra 2008: betamethasone oral mini-pulse - transient oedema over the face (7), oedema over hands and feet (4), epigastric discomfort (7), weakness/fatigue (5), loose stools (1), headache…
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported
Investigator‐ or physician‐rated global assessment of disease severity · People with erosive oral lichen planus
Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy led to higher physician Global Assessment (clinical severity, 0-12 score) compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% paste; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Complete remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission Time frame: 2 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission time frame: 3 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relapse · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in relapse Time frame: 6 to 12 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: obesity or Cushing's Syndrome · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: obesity or Cushing's Syndrome compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: hypertension · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: hypertension compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acute kidney injury · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: acne · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: acne compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (radiological… compared with ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Toothbrushing + Turkish gall oral rinse showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with toothbrushing; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Toothbrushing + Turkish gall oral rinse showed no clear difference in dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with toothbrushing; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review