Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,155 questions · 1,191 findings · 195 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 209 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 51 · 4.3%Very low 256 · 21.5%Low 273 · 22.9%Moderate 284 · 23.8%High 118 · 9.9%

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes all‐cause mortality at day 28 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Worsening of clinical status: participants with new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes worsening of clinical status: participants with new need for… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive at day 28 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

The intervention showed no clear difference in improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive at day… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

QoL at longest · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events during the trial period (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

The intervention showed no clear difference in any adverse events during the trial period (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Viral clearance at day 7 · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

The intervention showed no clear difference in viral clearance at day 7 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide plus usual care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality at final · people with moderate to severe oral paraquat poisoning

Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide plus usual care may leads to lower all‐cause mortality at final compared with usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide plus usual care vs placebo or usual care

New infection within 1 week after initiation of treatment Assessed through clinical diagnosis · people with moderate to severe oral paraquat poisoning

It is very uncertain whether glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide plus usual care changes new infection within 1 week after initiation of treatment Assessed… compared with usual care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

MDA vs no MDA

Parasitaemia prevalence · People of all ages living in an area with moderate to high endemicity of P falciparum malaria (≥ 10% prevalence)

MDA showed no clear difference in parasitaemia prevalence compared with no MDA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

MDA vs no MDA

Parasitaemia incidence · People of all ages living in an area with moderate to high endemicity of P falciparum malaria (≥ 10% prevalence)

MDA probably leads to lower parasitaemia incidence compared with no MDA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

MDA vs no MDA

Confirmed malaria illness incidence · People of all ages living in an area with moderate to high endemicity of P falciparum malaria (≥ 10% prevalence)

MDA showed no clear difference in confirmed malaria illness incidence compared with no MDA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs oxycodone

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people with moderate to severe cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs morphine

Nausea · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

It is very uncertain whether hydromorphone changes specific adverse events – nausea compared with morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs morphine

Vomiting · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

It is very uncertain whether hydromorphone changes specific adverse events – vomiting compared with morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs morphine

Dizziness · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

It is very uncertain whether hydromorphone changes specific adverse events – dizziness compared with morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review