Death Death at any time · preterm infants
Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in death Death at any time compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Weight gain · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
2 findings from 1 review
Length gain, cm/week (high MCT vs low MCT) · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Skinfold thickness gain (mm/week) (high MCT vs low MCT) · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal intolerance · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
NEC · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental outcomes · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Long‐term growth outcomes · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Time taken to establish full gavage feeding (days) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Feeding intolerance (number of episodes per day) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Heart rate (beats per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Heart rate (beats per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding · preterm infants
Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle may leads to higher full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not breastfeeding · preterm infants
Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle probably leads to higher any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Episodes of infection · preterm infants
Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle showed no clear difference in episodes of infection per infant compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) probably leads to lower death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual… compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review