Primary outcome ‐ constipation improvement · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
Stimulant laxatives probably leads to higher primary outcome ‐ constipation improvement compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcome ‐ pain on defecation ‐ not reported · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Stool consistency · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome ‐ abdominal discomfort · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
Stimulant laxatives probably leads to higher secondary outcome ‐ abdominal discomfort compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
Stimulant laxatives may leads to higher secondary outcome ‐ diarrhoea compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome ‐ women's satisfaction · women with treating constipation in pregnancy
Stimulant laxatives showed no clear difference in secondary outcome ‐ women's satisfaction compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain Nipple trauma: midwife assessed based on scale of 1‐3 with: 1 = better/resolved, 2 = no change, and 3 = worse · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Lanolin showed no clear difference in nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' compared with expressed breast milk (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
RR 1.56 [1.05, 2.32]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
RR 1.58 [0.27, 9.2]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
Nipple pain Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire scale 0‐45 · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
2 findings from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Planned or preferred mode of birth: VBAC · women deciding about mode of birth in a pregnancy after caesarean birth
The intervention showed no clear difference in planned or preferred mode of birth: VBAC (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Planned mode of birth: unsure · women deciding about mode of birth in a pregnancy after caesarean birth
The intervention showed no clear difference in planned mode of birth: unsure (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse outcomes1 · women deciding about mode of birth in a pregnancy after caesarean birth
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Congruence between preferred and actual mode of birth · women deciding about mode of birth in a pregnancy after caesarean birth
The intervention showed no clear difference in congruence between preferred and actual mode of birth (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Actual mode of birth (VBAC versus caesarean) · women deciding about mode of birth in a pregnancy after caesarean birth
The intervention showed no clear difference in actual mode of birth (VBAC versus caesarean) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review