Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,747 questions · 3,943 findings · 594 reviews

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No studies found 784 · 19.9%GRADE not reported 530 · 13.4%Very low 1,040 · 26.4%Low 981 · 24.9%Moderate 444 · 11.3%High 164 · 4.2%

Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

QoL · people with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs control

Safety Any serious adverse event · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 933 participants
Moderate

NMES vs control

Safety Adverse events: Muscle discomfort · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 933 participants
Moderate

NMES vs control

Muscle mass Anthropometry, DEXA, ultrasound, computed tomography · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 314 participants
Very low

NMES vs control

Exercise performance ‐ walking distance 6MWT, ISWT, ESWT · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 788 participants
Very low

NMES vs control

Change in peak oxygen uptake Cardiopulmonary exercise test · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 109 participants
Low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Very low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 82 participants
Very low

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

TENS vs sham TENS

Pain (at short‐term · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

2 findings from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.57 [0.84, 2.92]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

TENS vs sham TENS

Disability ‐ not reported · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs sham TENS

Adverse events ‐ not reported · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma vs intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor

Live birth or ongoing pregnancy · women undergoing assisted reproduction

It is very uncertain whether intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma changes live birth (or ongoing pregnancy compared with intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma for assisted reproduction 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.43, 1.81]
1 study · 132 participants
Very low

Intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma vs intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor

Miscarriage · women undergoing assisted reproduction

It is very uncertain whether intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma changes miscarriage compared with intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma for assisted reproduction 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.94 [0.63, 5.96]
1 study · 132 participants
Very low

Intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma vs intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor

Clinical pregnancy · women undergoing assisted reproduction

It is very uncertain whether intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet‐rich plasma changes clinical pregnancy compared with intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma for assisted reproduction 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.24 [0.66, 2.35]
2 studies · 172 participants
Very low