Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,520 questions · 1,575 findings · 175 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 239 · 15.2%GRADE not reported 59 · 3.7%Very low 337 · 21.4%Low 406 · 25.8%Moderate 410 · 26%High 124 · 7.9%

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

Adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic showed no clear difference in adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] compared with control plus antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

Hearing loss · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic showed no clear difference in hearing loss [2 months]1 compared with control plus antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic leads to higher OME resolution at short‐term compared with control plus antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Respiratory distress syndrome · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory morbidity · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) probably leads to lower admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory… compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Need for mechanical ventilation · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) changes need for mechanical ventilation compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review