Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

839 questions · 881 findings · 73 reviews

No studies found 246 · 27.9%GRADE not reported 156 · 17.7%Very low 219 · 24.9%Low 136 · 15.4%Moderate 90 · 10.2%High 34 · 3.9%

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in ambulation compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in reduction in analgesic and narcotic use One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Survival (long term) Over two years · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in survival (long term) Over two years compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Pain reduction · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in pain reduction compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Urinary continence One week after treatment · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in urinary continence One week after treatment compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Serious adverse events · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Urinary continence One month after radiation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in urinary continence One month after radiation compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Local recurrence · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in local recurrence MRI: compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Vector density · People at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

CL cases > 12 months · People at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL)

The intervention probably leads to lower CL cases > 12 months (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

VL cases > 2 years · People at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL)
1 finding from 1 review

Alginate dressing vs hydrocolloid dressing

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · people with venous leg ulcers

It is very uncertain whether alginate dressing changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse effects at 6 weeks compared with hydrocolloid dressing (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review