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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Sexual counselling vs usual care Sexual function · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Sexual satisfaction · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Relationship satisfaction · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Quality of life · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Anxiety · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Resumption of sexual activity after a cardiac event (Resumption of sex) · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 4 participants | Very low |
Sexual counselling vs usual care Satisfaction in how sexual issues are addressed in cardiac rehabilitation services (Satisfaction with health services) · participants with cardiovascular disease Sexual counselling for sexual problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Mortality (all‐cause) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.09] | 30 studies · 4174 participants | Moderate |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Mortality (cardiovascular) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.09, 1.21] | 7 studies · 1132 participants | Moderate |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Myocardial Infarction (total) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.07, 0.57] | 2 studies · 652 participants | Moderate |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Adverse event (total) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.93, 2.46] | 11 studies · 1313 participants | Very low |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Adverse event (gastrointestinal) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [1.03, 3.26] | 11 studies · 1258 participants | Low |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Adverse event (serious) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 472 participants | Low |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Heart failure (total) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.1, 3.88] | 3 studies · 426 participants | Low |
Colchicine vs any control treatment Stroke (total) · any patient population and people with high cardiovascular risk Colchicine for prevention of cardiovascular events (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.09, 1.7] | 3 studies · 874 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup All‐cause short‐term mortality · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup All‐cause long‐term mortality · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.41, 2.3] | 2 studies · 255 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup Other adverse events · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 447 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup Quality of life · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 279 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup Syncope relapse · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 507 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup Economic costs · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 261 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup Aetiologic diagnosis · people with unexplained recurrent syncope Implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic workup for unexplained recurrent syncope (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.54, 0.68] | 4 studies · 579 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.81, 1.59] | 20 studies · 1829 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Freedom from AF/AFL/AT off antiarrhythmic medications > 3 months · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [1.63, 2.55] | 8 studies · 649 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Investigator‐defined adverse events · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.85, 1.34] | 9 studies · 858 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pacemaker implantation4 · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [1.12, 2.54] | 18 studies · 1726 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR 30‐day mortality4 · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.71, 2.2] | 18 studies · 1566 participants | Low |
Ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug Freedom from atrial arrhythmia · people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.84 [1.17, 2.88] | 3 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug Participants needing cardioversion · people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.47, 0.82] | 3 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
Ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug Cardiac hospitalisation Hospitalisations directly related to ablation or antiarrhythmic drugs · people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.1, 0.72] | 2 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug Significant bradycardia or need for a pacemaker · people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.63] | 3 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug Periprocedural complications and other safety outcomes · people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Efficacy and safety of ablation for people with non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.16, 5.68] | 3 studies · 261 participants | Very low |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Death (all‐causes) · Post‐menopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.89, 1.12] | 8 studies · 34422 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Pulmonary embolism · Post‐menopausal women with pre‐exisiting cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.48 [0.92, 6.7] | 3 studies · 3920 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death (all‐causes) · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.52, 0.95] | 5 studies · 9088 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and non‐fatal myocardial infarction) · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.29, 0.96] | 4 studies · 8311 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stroke · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.8, 2.34] | 3 studies · 8143 participants | High |
Intervention NR Venous thromboembolism · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.74 [1.11, 2.73] | 3 studies · 9838 participants | High |
Intervention NR Death (all‐causes) · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.95, 1.18] | 12 studies · 27750 participants | High |
Intervention NR Coronary heart disease (death from cardiovascular causes and non‐fatal myocardial infarction) · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.2] | 12 studies · 23491 participants | High |
Intervention NR Stroke · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [1.06, 1.38] | 8 studies · 22722 participants | High |
Intervention NR Venous thromboembolism · Post‐menopausal women Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.96 [1.37, 2.8] | 9 studies · 27475 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Death (cardiovascular causes) · Post‐menopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.47, 1.4] | 3 studies · 28353 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Stroke · Post‐menopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.12, 1.56] | 4 studies · 28719 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Venous thromboembolism · Post‐menopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.24, 2.99] | 6 studies · 33477 participants | Moderate |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Pulmonary embolism · Post‐menopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 31732 participants | Moderate |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Death (all‐causes) · Post‐menopausal women with pre‐exisiting cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24] | 7 studies · 5445 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Death (cardiovascular causes) · Post‐menopausal women with pre‐exisiting cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.78, 1.29] | 6 studies · 5259 participants | High |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Stroke · Post‐menopausal women with pre‐exisiting cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.89, 1.33] | 5 studies · 5172 participants | Moderate |
Hormone therapy vs placebo Venous thromboembolism · Post‐menopausal women with pre‐exisiting cardiovascular disease Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post‐menopausal women (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [1.13, 3.62] | 6 studies · 4399 participants | High |