Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,270 questions · 1,480 findings · 174 reviews

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No studies found 252 · 17%GRADE not reported 405 · 27.4%Very low 301 · 20.3%Low 284 · 19.2%Moderate 174 · 11.8%High 64 · 4.3%

Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone

Preterm birth · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency

Cervical pessary showed no clear difference in delivery before 37 weeks' gestation compared with vaginal progesterone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.09]
3 studies · 1126 participants
Moderate

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Live birth rate · stimulated cycles for subfertile couples

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in live birth ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.15 [0.71, 1.88]
3 studies · 468 participants
Low

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Miscarriage · stimulated cycles for subfertile couples

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in miscarriage ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.78 [0.98, 3.24]
6 studies · 2363 participants
Low

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Clinical pregnancy · stimulated cycles for subfertile couples

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) may leads to higher clinical pregnancy ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.51 [1.23, 1.86]
9 studies · 2716 participants
Low

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Multiple pregnancy rate · stimulated cycles for subfertile couples

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.04 [0.91, 4.56]
5 studies · 2203 participants
Low

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) vs single IUI

Ectopic pregnancy · stimulated cycles for subfertile couples

Double intrauterine insemination (IUI) showed no clear difference in ectopic pregnancy ratea compared with single IUI (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.22 [0.35, 4.28]
4 studies · 1048 participants
Low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Overall survival · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.92 [0.48, 1.77]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.07, 1.44]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.11, 3.5]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events (severe) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (severe) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0, 2.5]
1 study · 64 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Progression‐free survival ‐ not measured · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Overall survival · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.53 [0.2, 1.42]
1 study · 21 participants
Low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.05, 2.98]
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Progression‐free survival · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.22, 1.38]
1 study · 21 participants
Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

All perinatal losses · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy

Cerclage showed no clear difference in all perinatal losses compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.65, 1.04]
10 studies · 2927 participants
Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Serious neonatal morbidity · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy

Cerclage showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.55, 1.18]
6 studies · 883 participants
Low

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Baby discharged home healthy · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy

Cerclage showed no clear difference in baby discharged home healthy compared with no cerclage (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.06]
4 studies · 657 participants
Moderate

Cerclage vs no cerclage

Stillbirth · preventing preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy

Cerclage showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with no cerclage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.45, 1.75]
5 studies · 1803 participants
Low