Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

567 questions · 573 findings · 37 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 89 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 156 · 27.2%Very low 140 · 24.4%Low 127 · 22.2%Moderate 47 · 8.2%High 14 · 2.4%

Bispectral index vs ETAG

Occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after surgery: 2 to 6 hours;12 hours; 1 day; 2 days; 3 days; 14 days; 30 days; or time point was not reported Measurement tools: simple questioning; interviews; or structured questionna... · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia

BIS showed no clear difference in occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with ETAG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Failed blocks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in failed blocks compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Major complications · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Nausea · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of PON, defined as the presence of subjective nausea, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of vomiting · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported dichotomously as the use of any medication intended to treat nausea or vomiting during the postoperative period · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported dichotomously as admission to an inpatient unit of a participant after an intended ambulatory surgical procedure · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid showed no clear difference in risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of suffering a serious adverse event, reported dichotomously as the occurrence of any of: admission to high‐dependency unit, postoperative cardiac or respiratory complication, or death · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review