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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture (c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture (d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture (e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage Global or clinical change in constipation (a) as defined by the study Still constipated (no defecation) at 3 days · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 4.8 [1.96, 11.74] | 1 study · 120 participants | Very low |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Adverse events · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Leaving the study early · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs acupuncture Economic costs · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Global or clinical change in constipation as defined by the study a) Still constipated (no defecation) at 24 hours · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0.02, 0.27] | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda (b) Change in the frequency of defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda (c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda (d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda (e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage (b) Change in the frequency of defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Adverse events · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Ungraded |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Leaving the study early · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs phenolphthalein or rhubarb soda Economic costs · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage (c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage (d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage (e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycerol laxative vs tuina massage Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care PTSD symptoms: Clinician‐rated PTSD symptom severity ‐ average endpoint CAPS total score (high = poor) ‐ short term (6 months) · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Low |
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Symptoms of co‐morbid psychosis: 1. Overall mental state · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Anxiety symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Depressive symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe adverse events ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Health economics · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR PTSD symptom severity: 1. Clinician‐rated severity ‐ average endpoint CAPS total score (high = poor) ‐ Medium term ‐ skewed data · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Very low |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Quality of life: 1. General quality of life · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Symptoms of co‐morbid psychosis: 1. Overall mental state · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Anxiety symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Depressive symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Quality of life: 1. General quality of life ‐ average endpoint QLS total score (high = good) ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe events ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR Health economics · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation PTSD symptom severity: 1. Clinician‐rated PTSD severity ‐ average endpoint CAPS total score (high = poor) ‐ Medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Quality of life: 1. General quality of life ‐ average endpoint QoLI total score (high = good) ‐ Long term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Symptoms of co‐morbid psychosis: 1. Overall mental state · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Anxiety symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Depressive symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe adverse events · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation Health economics · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Symptoms of co‐morbid psychosis: 1. Overall mental state ‐ average endpoint BPRS total score (high = poor) ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 9 participants | Low |