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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Various interventions vs control Opioids versus NSAIDs · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Just after creation of pneumoperitoneum versus end of surgery · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.65, 1.5] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Subdiaphragmatic instillation versus gallbladder bed instillation · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.56 [0.76, 3.19] | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Hospital stay · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Bupivacaine versus lignocaine · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 206 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Aerosol versus liquid · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [0.8, 4.19] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.7, 1.01] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of virological end‐of‐treatment response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.56, 0.93] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participants without improvement in ALT and/or AST serum levels · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.23] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Chronic hepatitis C‐related mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.33, 1.84] | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.72, 1] | 3 studies · 217 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Chronic hepatitis C‐related mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of virological end‐of‐treatment response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.6, 0.89] | 3 studies · 217 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participants without improvement in ALT and/or AST serum levels · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Chronic hepatitis C‐related mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.51, 1.96] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.65, 1.19] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of virological end‐of‐treatment response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.78, 1.73] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Participants without improvement in ALT and/or AST serum levels · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.85, 1.8] | 2 studies · 181 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Chronic hepatitis C‐related mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Morbidity · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.38, 1.62] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of virological end‐of‐treatment response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.22, 1.36] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Participants without improvement in ALT and/or AST serum levels · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.71, 1.71] | 4 studies · 383 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of sustained virological response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.75, 0.97] | 7 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of virological end‐of‐treatment response · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.69, 0.96] | 7 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participants without improvement in ALT and/or AST serum levels · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.84, 1.42] | 3 studies · 271 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Chronic hepatitis C‐related mortality · people with chronic hepatitis C Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Patient education vs no patient education Patient knowledge · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Formal education of patients about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 338 participants | Very low |
Patient education vs no patient education Patient satisfaction · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Formal education of patients about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 305 participants | Very low |
Patient education vs no patient education Patient anxiety · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Formal education of patients about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
Patient education with repeat‐back vs patient education without repeat‐back Patient knowledge · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Formal education of patients about to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 173 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality or liver‐related morbidity · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.38, 2.17] | 32 studies · 4617 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.14] | 35 studies · 5646 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Failure of end of treatment virological response Absence of clearance of HCV RNA from the blood at end of treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.9, 1] | 30 studies · 4861 participants | Moderate |