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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions

No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Briakinumab vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.04, 16.34]	1 study · 104 participants	Low
Ustekinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical response · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.36, 0.79]	1 study · 145 participants	Moderate
Ustekinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical remission · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.64, 0.91]	1 study · 388 participants	Moderate
Ustekinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical response · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.74 [0.6, 0.91]	1 study · 388 participants	Moderate
Ustekinumab vs placebo Adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.03]	2 studies · 541 participants	High
Ustekinumab vs placebo Serious adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.74 [0.48, 1.15]	2 studies · 541 participants	Moderate
Ustekinumab vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 4.93 [0.59, 41.18]	1 study · 145 participants	Low
Briakinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical remission · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.84 [0.58, 1.2]	1 study · 99 participants	Low
Briakinumab vs placebo Failure to maintain clinical response · people with moderate to severe Crohn's disease in remission Anti‐IL‐12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.64 [0.4, 1.02]	1 study · 99 participants	Low
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission at 4 weeks ‐ High‐fiber, low refined carbohydrates diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 7.2 [0.53, 97.83]	1 study · 7 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 6 to 24 months ‐ Symptoms‐guided diet · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.28, 1.01]	2 studies · 98 participants	Low
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 48 weeks ‐ Low red, processed meat diet · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.85, 1.26]	1 study · 214 participants	Low
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 12 months ‐ Exclusion diets (low disaccharides, grains, saturated fats, red and processed meats) · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.76]	1 study · 54 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Health‐related quality of life · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Adverse events · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission ‐ Symptoms‐guided diet · people with active ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 8.25 [0.5, 136.33]	1 study · 21 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Health‐related quality of life · people with active ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Adverse events · people with active ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 6 months ‐ Anti‐inflammatory diet (Alberta‐based) · Participants with inactive ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.42, 3.7]	1 study · 28 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 12 months ‐ Carrageenan‐free diet · Participants with inactive ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.15, 1.64]	1 study · 15 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission at 16 weeks ‐ Low microparticle diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 3.13 [0.22, 43.84]	2 studies · 103 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 12 months ‐ Milk free diet · Participants with inactive ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.6, 1.15]	2 studies · 77 participants	Low
Intervention diet vs control diet Health related quality of life at 12 months ‐ SIBDQ ‐ Carrageenan‐free diet · Participants with inactive ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 12 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Adverse events · Participants with inactive ulcerative colitis Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission at 16 weeks ‐ Low calcium diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [0.67, 2.29]	1 study · 83 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission (timeframe not reported) ‐ Symptoms‐guided diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 20 [1.27, 315.4]	1 study · 51 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Induction of remission at 6 weeks ‐ Highly restricted, organic diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.39, 2.53]	1 study · 18 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Health‐related quality of life (timeframe not reported) ‐ IBDQ ‐ Symptoms‐guided diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 51 participants	Low
Intervention diet vs control diet Health‐related quality of life at 6 weeks ‐ IBDQ ‐ Highly restricted, organic diet · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 14 participants	Very low
Intervention diet vs control diet Adverse events · people with active Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention diet vs control diet Clinical relapse at 12 to 24 months ‐ Low refined carbohydrate diet · people with inactive Crohn's disease Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.25]	3 studies · 567 participants	Low
Intervention NR OutcomesAnalysis 1.4 · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Failure to achieve clinical remission · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.85 [0.79, 0.9]	3 studies · 714 participants	High
Intervention NR Failure to achieve clinical response (70‐point response) · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.59, 0.79]	3 studies · 714 participants	High
Intervention NR Failure to achieve clinical response (100‐point response) · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.69, 0.86]	3 studies · 714 participants	High
Intervention NR Endoscopic response · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Quality of life (QoL) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) (scale: 32 to 224; higher score = better QoL) · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 714 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.09]	3 studies · 531 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.44 [0.17, 1.15]	3 studies · 531 participants	Low
Intervention NR Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.38 [0.11, 1.3]	3 studies · 531 participants	Low
Certolizumab pegol vs placebo Clinical remission · Patients with active Crohn's disease Certolizumab pegol for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.36 [1.11, 1.66]	4 studies · 1485 participants	Moderate
Certolizumab pegol vs placebo Clinical response · Patients with active Crohn's disease Certolizumab pegol for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.29 [1.09, 1.53]	4 studies · 1485 participants	Moderate
Certolizumab pegol vs placebo Serious adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Certolizumab pegol for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.35 [0.93, 1.97]	4 studies · 1485 participants	Moderate
Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs no CVVH All‐cause mortality · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	0.62 [0.27, 1.4]	2 studies · 189 participants	Very low
High‐volume continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs standard CVVH Length of hospital stay · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
High‐volume continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs standard CVVH Total hospital cost · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
High‐volume continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs standard CVVH Quality of life · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs no CVVH Adverse events · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs no CVVH Length of ICU stay · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 125 participants	Very low
Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs no CVVH Length of hospital stay · adults with severe acute pancreatitis Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 125 participants	Very low