Infant Mortality at 6 Months · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal mortality · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause neonatal mortality: risk ratios based on cumulative risk… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐ bulging fontanelle · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation leads to higher adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vomiting · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: diarrhoea 48 to 72 hours · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects · pregnant women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal adverse events · pregnant women and their infants..
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Spina bifida · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes spina bifida compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.29 [0.16, 0.56]
8037 participants
Very low
Encephalocoele · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes encephalocoele compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.26 [0.13, 0.56]
8037 participants
Very low
Fatal anencephaly · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes fatal anencephaly compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]
8037 participants
Very low
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
657 participants
Very low
Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.11]
657 participants
Very low
Erythrocyte folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · health outcomes
Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review