Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

624 questions · 782 findings · 62 reviews

No studies found 13 · 1.7%GRADE not reported 657 · 84%Very low 76 · 9.7%Low 23 · 2.9%Moderate 13 · 1.7%High 0 · 0%

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

White spot lesions (WSLs), tooth level · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported a lower risk of white spot lesions (tooth level) with aligners versus fixed appliances in adults at 3 months (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.86; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Crohn's disease (CD) vs Healthy controls without IBD

Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and controls without IBD; adults, both sexes

Patients with Crohn's disease have about 2-fold higher odds of periodontal disease than controls (pooled OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.59-2.78; 5 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

No clear difference in bleeding on probing between aligners and fixed appliances in adults at 6-12 weeks (MD -0.26, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.26; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vs Healthy controls without IBD

Periodontal disease (periodontitis) coincidence · Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls without IBD; mostly adults (one pediatric study), both sexes

Patients with IBD have about 2.5-fold higher odds of coexisting periodontal disease than healthy controls (pooled OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.97-3.15; 6 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Gingival inflammation-related index · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported lower simplified gingival index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -8.46, 95% CI -10.47 to -6.45; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower parental (maternal/paternal) education vs Higher parental education

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

The association between parental education and caries was inconsistent; father's (but not consistently mother's) education was inversely associated with caries in some studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Dental fluorosis assessment vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Dental fluorosis prevalence · School-aged children in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai)

One study reported dental fluorosis in 10.9% of school-aged children in Dubai, mostly very mild or mild (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review