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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pregabalin vs placebo Adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Serious adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Patient Global Impression of Change: much improved or very much improved · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Any adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Serious adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs amitriptyline Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater** · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater** · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Patient Global Impression of Change: much improved or very much improved** · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years of age) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Any adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Serious adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 242 participants | Very low |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 242 participants | Very low |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Low |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Any adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Very low |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Serious adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 310 participants | Very low |
Rofecoxib vs naproxen Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 310 participants | Very low |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Any adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Very low |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Serious adverse event · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Very low |
Meloxicam vs naproxen Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Very low |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 242 participants | Low |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Celecoxib vs naproxen Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · children and adolescents with chronic non‐cancer pain Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Participants with at least 30% or at least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR PGIC much or very much improved · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Mean pain intensity at end of study · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Mean quality of life or "well‐being" · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Participant preference · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 52 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people with cancer pain Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 93 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Participants with at least 30% or at least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR PGIC much or very much improved · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 415 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 949 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Withdrawals · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Death · people with cancer pain Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cancer pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 949 participants | Very low |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration) Duration of postoperative analgesia · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham block) Time to feeding after surgery · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Intravenous analgesia Adverse events · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | 2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. Both studies reported no difference between groups (Rajamani 2007 and Simion 2008: no adverse events attributable to either technique; Delgado 2005 did not report). | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Infiltration of the incision (peri-incisional infiltration) Duration of hospitalisation · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | The included studies did not report this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Intravenous analgesia Duration of hospitalisation · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children (2016) · Cochrane | None of the included studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |