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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,361 questions in 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems
current versionsNo studies 286 · 21%Ungraded 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Brief advocacy interventions for women who experience intimate partner abuse vs usual care at up to 12‐month follow‐up Sexual abuse CTS and Partner Abuse Scale (PAS)e · women with intimate partner abuse Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well‐being… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 239 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV by health professionals (assessed immediately or up to 1 month) · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 10074 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV by type of healthcare setting ‐ Antenatal clinics · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 663 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV by type of healthcare setting ‐ Maternal health services · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 829 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV by type of healthcare setting ‐ Emergency departments · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2608 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV by type of healthcare setting ‐ Hospital‐based primary care · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 293 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Referrals (assessed immediately) · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1298 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Identification of IPV (non‐clinically based, assessed immediately) · women attending healthcare settings for any health‐related reason Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2765 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Reduce hip migration/hip problems · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Effect on sleep patterns and quality · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 21 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Effect on quality of life of child and family · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Effect on pain · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Effect on physical functioning · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · Children with cerebral palsy Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs Weight gain (kg) · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1057 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs Weight‐ for‐height: z‐scores (WHZ) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 999 participants | Very low |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ psychosocial development RCTs Mental Development Index (total) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ psychosocial development RCTs Psychomotor development · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs Height gain (cm) · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1463 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs Weight‐for‐age: z‐scores (WAZ) · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1565 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs Height‐for‐age: z‐scores (HAZ) · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 4544 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs Weight‐for‐height: z‐scores (WHZ) · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 4073 participants | Moderate |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs Weight gain (kg) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1784 participants | Very low |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs Height gain (cm) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1782 participants | Very low |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs Weight‐for‐age: z‐scores (WAZ) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 999 participants | Very low |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs Height‐for‐age: z‐scores (HAZ) · Children aged 3 months to 5 years Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 999 participants | Very low |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Outcomes: Behaviour or social performance · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Conners' Parent Rating Scale (raw scores) · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Conners' Parent Rating Scale (standardised t‐test scores) · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (standardised t‐test scores) · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale: adaptive behaviour composite (standardised scores) · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
L‐acetylcarnitine vs placebo Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale: socialisation domain (standardised scores) · people being treated for fragile X syndrome L‐acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Parent mental health meta‐analysis: depression (dichotomous data) ‐ post‐intervention Number depressed · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.52, 1.04] | 3 studies · 278 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: post‐intervention ‐ attachment category disorganised Ainsworth Strange Situation · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.34, 1.82] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.61 [0.83, 3.12] | 2 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.3, 2.22] | 2 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Parent mental health meta‐analysis: depression (continuous data) ‐ post‐intervention Validated assessment scales for depression, lower scores are less depressed · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 356 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: post‐intervention ‐ attachment category (SSP) secure Ainsworth Strange Situation · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 8.93 [1.25, 63.7] | 2 studies · 168 participants | Very low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: post‐intervention ‐ attachment category (SSP) disorganised Ainsworth Strange Situation · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.17, 0.58] | 2 studies · 168 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.3 [1.82, 6] | 2 studies · 129 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.29, 2.19] | 2 studies · 129 participants | Very low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Parent mental health meta‐analysis: depression continuous data ‐ post‐intervention Validated assessment scales for depression, lower scores are less depressed · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 172 participants | Very low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Parent mental health meta‐analysis: depression continuous data ‐ · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 160 participants | Low |
Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment Infant attachment categories meta‐analysis: post‐intervention ‐ attachment category secure Ainsworth Strange Situation · participants with improving parental and infant mental health Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.32, 2.13] | 2 studies · 102 participants | Very low |
Comparison 1: donepezil vs placebo Cognitive abilities (Severe Impairment Battery; SIB) · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 165 participants | Low |
Comparison 2: memantine vs placebo Carer stress · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: memantine vs placebo Institutional/home care · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: memantine vs placebo Death · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 1: donepezil vs placebo Behavioural problems (various scales) · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 157 participants | Low |
Comparison 1: donepezil vs placebo Adverse events · people with Down syndrome Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.16, 0.62] | 4 studies · 192 participants | Low |