Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

563 questions · 568 findings · 104 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 53 · 9.3%GRADE not reported 26 · 4.6%Very low 85 · 15%Low 214 · 37.7%Moderate 151 · 26.6%High 39 · 6.9%

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping leads to lower intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact may leads to lower death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age№ of participants: 0 (0 RCTs) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Death or BPD (28 days) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or short), or nasal masks) vs face mask

Mortality before hospital discharge · term and preterm infants resuscitated at birth, using positive pressure ventilation

Nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or… showed no clear difference in death before discharge compared with face mask (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or short), or nasal masks) vs face mask

Intubation and mechanical ventilation in the DR · term and preterm infants resuscitated at birth, using positive pressure ventilation

It is very uncertain whether nasal interfaces (single nasal prong, binasal prongs (long or… changes intubation and mechanical ventilation in the DR compared with face mask (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review