Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,970 questions · 2,433 findings · 231 reviews

No studies found 303 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 759 · 31.2%Very low 357 · 14.7%Low 476 · 19.6%Moderate 418 · 17.2%High 120 · 4.9%

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel vs Imiquimod 5% cream alone

Primary outcome: Histological complete response ( available‐case analysis) No residual LM in staged excision 2 months post‐treatment · participants with melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Histological complete response (intention‐to‐treat)… compared with imiquimod 5% cream alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

QUETIAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia

Quetiapine showed no clear difference in global state No clinical significant response as defined by the… compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines vs drugs

Total effectiveness rate with subgroup analysis ‐ individualised treatment Clinician's rating · atopic eczema

CHM may leads to higher total effectiveness rate with subgroup analysis ‐ individualised… compared with drugs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines vs drugs

Total effectiveness rate with subgroup analysis ‐ non‐individualised treatment Clinician's rating · atopic eczema

It is very uncertain whether CHM changes total effectiveness rate with subgroup analysis ‐ non‐individualised… compared with drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NIDOTHERAPY‐ENHANCED STANDARD CARE vs usual care

Adverse effect: Specific ‐ Death · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether NIDOTHERAPY‐ENHANCED STANDARD CARE changes adverse effects ‐ specific ‐ death Number of individual deaths of… compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

2 mm titanium plates vs 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates

Post-operative pain (residual pain, any severity) · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

2 mm titanium plates showed no clear difference in post-operative pain (residual pain, any severity) compared with 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Duration and time of healing of intraoral (oral) lesions; number of individuals with oral lesions · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with oral lesions (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Duration and time of healing of extraoral lesions; development of new extraoral lesions · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals who developed new extraoral lesions after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Number of individuals with eating difficulties (8 days after administration); duration of eating difficulties · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with eating difficulties (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Difficulty in drinking (number with drinking difficulties) · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir led to lower number of individuals with drinking difficulties (8 days after… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Number of individuals admitted to hospital after administration · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

Systemic oral acyclovir showed no clear difference in number of individuals admitted to hospital after administration compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental caries assessment (WHO/clinical diagnostic criteria; caries = DMFT>0) vs Caries-free status

CA VI concentration · Individuals assessed for dental caries (mainly children aged 2-9 years; one study in adults aged 18-24 years)

Salivary CA VI concentration is significantly lower in individuals with dental caries than in caries-free individuals (SMD -0.672, 95% CI -1.011 to -0.332; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review