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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Change in FEV1 % predicted at end of antibiotic course: absolute post‐treatment values · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | MD 5.25 | 2 studies · 93 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Time to next course of antibiotics  · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Adverse events during treatment · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Quality of life · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Change in sputum P aeruginosa density at end of treatment (cfu/g) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Additional treatment required  · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Time to next course of antibiotics  · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Adverse events during treatment · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 131 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Quality of life  · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Change in FEV1 (% predicted) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Change in sputum P aeruginosa density at end of treatment (cfu/g) Â · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Single vs combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy Additional treatment required  · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Single versus combination intravenous anti‐pseudomonal antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice vs no advice Mortality · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.26, 2.96] | 7 studies · 574 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Length of hospital stay (days) Â · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Complications  · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Change in weight (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 517 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Change in fat‐free mass (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Change in global QoL score · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 283 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Mortality · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.47, 1.8] | 10 studies · 777 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [1.04, 2.77] | 1 study · 114 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 202 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Complications · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.56, 0.99] | 3 studies · 317 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Change in weight (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 931 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Change in fat‐free mass (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 187 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements Change in global QoL score · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 321 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Mortality · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.58, 1.16] | 15 studies · 1261 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.59, 1.15] | 7 studies · 673 participants | Moderate |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 400 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Complications · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.22, 1.46] | 2 studies · 280 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Change in weight (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 1192 participants | Moderate |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Change in fat‐free mass (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 262 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements if required vs no advice Change in global QoL score · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 389 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Mortality · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.55, 1.52] | 7 studies · 797 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 258 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Complications · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.2, 0.89] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Change in weight (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 620 participants | Low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Change in fat‐free mass (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 130 participants | Very low |
Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements Change in global QoL score · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 357 participants | Very low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Complications · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Change in weight (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 802 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Change in fat‐free mass (kg) · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 98 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs no advice Change in global QoL score · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 421 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Mortality · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.26] | 8 studies · 576 participants | Low |
Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements Number of people admitted or re‐admitted to hospital · adults with disease‐related malnutrition Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Incidence of S pneumoniae infection Isolated bacterial infection · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.16, 0.86] | 2 studies · 457 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Antibiotic‐resistant organisms isolated · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Requirement of other courses of antibiotics · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.55, 1.61] | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |