Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,103 questions · 1,157 findings · 177 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 291 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 85 · 7.3%Very low 317 · 27.4%Low 258 · 22.3%Moderate 169 · 14.6%High 37 · 3.2%

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Return to work · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Delayed or non‐union at time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: superficial infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.49, 2.87]
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

All‐cause mortality · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.72, 1.3]
6 studies · 1459 participants
Low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Mortality ascribed to fungal infection · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in mortality ascribed to fungal infection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.45, 1.89]
5 studies · 1407 participants
Low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Proportion of antifungal agent use (other than prophylactic use) · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes proportion of antifungal agent use (other than prophylactic use) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.05]
7 studies · 1480 participants
Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Duration of antifungal use (days) · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes duration of antifungal use (days) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 764 participants
Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Invasive fungal infection detection · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes invasive fungal infection detection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.7 [0.71, 4.05]
7 studies · 1480 participants
Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Adverse effects · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1074 participants
Very low

NPWT vs the Bogota bag

Time to primary fascial closure of the abdomen · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

It is very uncertain whether NPWT changes time to primary fascial closure of the abdomen compared with the Bogota bag (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 3.6
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Suprasorb CNP system vs the ABThera system

Participant health‐related quality of life · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NPWT vs the Bogota bag

Proportion of participants with successful primary fascial closure of the abdomen · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NPWT vs the Bogota bag

Adverse events (fistulae formation) · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

It is very uncertain whether NPWT changes adverse events (fistulae formation) compared with the Bogota bag (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.2, 20.33]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

NPWT vs the Bogota bag

All‐cause mortality · adults with an open abdomen after surgery who have not experienced trauma

It is very uncertain whether NPWT changes all‐cause mortality compared with the Bogota bag (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.27, 1.88]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low